Amy Foster Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Amy Foster Essay, Research Paper # 8220 ; Amy Foster # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; The Mythology of Love # 8221 ; In # 8220 ; Amy Foster # 8221 ; , Joseph Conrad has composed an extraordinary story that shows the various sorts of adoration felt among Amy and Yanko as depicted by Joseph Campbell in his article on # 8220 ; The Mythology of Love # 8221 ; . The relationship of Yanko and Amy is dynamic and adjustments as the story advances. From the start, Amy feels sympathy for Yanko ; she does non see the contrasts among him and the English individuals as the others of Brenzett do. Be that as it may, in this way in the account, empathy twists to enthusiasm. Amy s kid is so conceived ; separations show up and she is either not, at this point ready to cherish Yanko or she adores Yanko to such a degree, that she discovers she is unequipped for fall ining Yanko on a natural plane as Joseph Campbell depicts ( page 159 ) . Whatever the grounds might be, Amy will not help Yanko in his clasp of interest, following in Yanko s expire. We will compose a custom paper test on Amy Foster Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page There is an extraordinary modification of chest from Amy s first empathy for Yanko to her unconcern of his perish. In any case, the outcomes may hold just been a product of the various degrees of affection felt by Amy for Yanko. Everyone of Brenzett dainties Yanko an everywhere lunatic when he is principal seen in the ocean side town. He is whipped, stoned and beaten by numerous individuals of the occupants. Moreover, he was caught and confined like a wild creature. He is portrayed as a â€Å"drunk†, â€Å"tramp†, and â€Å"creature†. He is altogether different from the typical Englishman and is treated all things considered. He is isolated and is compelled to work for Mr. Swaffer. Be that as it may, one individual sees through the distinctions. Amy, maybe in light of her idiocy or a capacity to feel for Yanko, doesn't see a wild outsider that shouts around evening time and moves unusually. She saw just the similitudes, the unity of two people, and not the separateness. This is the premise of sympathy, as Campbell appears. In this manner, Amy can be â€Å"selfless, unlimited, without ego†. This sympathy appeared for Yanko communicates the warmth felt by Amy for the outsider and is gotten by him as affection. The adoration is returned by Yanko in his activities, when he purchases Amy a green lace and in the long run proposes marriage. This is one of the degrees of adoration depicted by Joseph Campbell, empathy. It rises above contrasts and contrasts. The idea of the relationship changes after the two wed. It debases from a â€Å"higher, otherworldly request of love† to a â€Å"animal passion†. It is not, at this point a unity for which Amy adores Yanko. Or maybe, it is the sex drive, the physical need of a male for a female and bad habit ve

May Day Celebration in New France free essay sample

Also, minor celebrations, primarily strict in character, were various, to such an extent that their recurrence even in the long stretches of development was the subject of grievance by the common specialists, who felt that these occasions took by and large an excessive amount of time from work. Sunday was a day of love as well as of diversion. Clad in his best clothing, each one went to Mass, whatever the separation or the climate. The ward church in reality was the image of town solidarity, for it accumulated inside its dividers every Sunday morning all genders and ages and positions. The habitant didn't separate his religion from his work or his entertainments; the outward indications of his confidence were not to his brain things of a different universe; the congregation and its ministers were the middle and soul of his little network. The entire wide open accumulated about the congregation entryways after the administration while the capitaine de la cote, the nearby agent of the intendant, read the pronouncements that had been sent to him from the seals of the relentless at the Chateau de St. We will compose a custom article test on May Day Celebration in New France or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Louis. That obligation over, there was a loquacious exchange of nearby tattle with a retailing of such news as had spilled through from France. The group at that point liquefied away in gatherings to spend the remainder of the day in games or moving or in well disposed visits of one family with another. Source

Psychological Fixations and How They Develop

Psychological Fixations and How They Develop Theories Developmental Psychology Print Psychological Fixations and How They Develop By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 23, 2019 More in Theories Developmental Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology A fixation is a persistent focus of the id’s pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier stage of psychosexual development. These fixations occur when an issue or conflict in a psychosexual stage remains unresolved, leaving the individual focused on this stage and unable to move onto the next. For example, individuals with oral fixations may have problems with drinking, smoking, eating, or nail-biting. Verywell / Cindy Chung How Fixations Develop According to psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, children develop through a series of psychosexual stages during which the id’s libidinal energies become focused on different areas of the body. During the anal stage, for example, a child supposedly gains a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment by controlling his or her bladder and bowel movements. So what does this have to do with the development of a fixation? Freud believed that the development of a healthy adult personality was the result of successfully completing each of the psychosexual stages. At each point in development, children face a conflict that must be resolved in order to move successfully on to the next stage. How this conflict is resolved plays a role in the formation of adult personality. Failing to successfully complete a stage, Freud suggested, would cause that person to remain essentially “stuck.” In other words, they would become fixated at that point in development. In addition to resulting from failure at a certain stage of psychosexual development, Freud also believed that fixations could result if a particular stage left a dominant impression on an individuals personality. Resolving the psychosexual conflicts requires a considerable amount of the libido’s energy. If a great deal of this energy is expended at a particular point in development, the events of that stage may ultimately leave a stronger impression on that individual’s personality. Freuds Stages of Psychosexual Development Examples of Fixations Oral Fixations: As mentioned previously, Freud might suggest that nail-biting, smoking, gum-chewing and excessive drinking are signs of an oral fixation. This would indicate that the individual did not resolve the primary conflicts during the earliest stage of psychosexual development, the oral stage. For example, Freud might suggest that if a child has issues during the weaning process, they might develop an oral fixation. Anal Fixations: The second stage of psychosexual development is known as the anal stage since it is primarily focused on controlling bowel movements. Fixations at this point in development can lead to what Freud called anal-retentive and anal-expulsive personalities. Anal-retentive individuals may have experienced overly strict and harsh potty training as children and may grow to be overly obsessed with orderliness and tidiness.Anal-expulsive individuals, on the other hand, may have experienced very lax potty training resulting in them being very messy and disorganized as adults. In either case, both types of fixations result from not properly resolving the critical conflict that takes place during that stage of development. Phallic Fixations: The phallic stage of development is primarily focused on identifying with the same-sex parent. Freud suggested that fixations at this point could lead to adult personalities that are overly vain, exhibitionistic, and sexually aggressive. At this stage, of development boys may develop what Freud referred to as an Oedipus complex. Girls may develop an analogous issue known as an Electra complex. If not resolved, these complexes may linger and continue to affect behavior into adulthood, according to Freud. What Is an Oedipus Complex? Can Fixations Be Resolved? So how exactly are fixations resolved? According to Freuds psychoanalytic theory, the process of transference played an important role in treating such fixations. Essentially, an old fixation is transferred to a new one, allowing the person to consciously deal with the problem. The goal of psychoanalytic therapy is to often utilize the process of transference to release the energies of fixations. A Word From Verywell Fixations were important to Freudian and many neo-Freudian theories. One major problem is that while early theorists connected fixations to specific childhood events, it is difficult or impossible to link adult fixations such as nail-biting to a specific triggering conflict in early childhood. If you do have a problematic behavior or fixation on a particular object or habit, there are things that you can do to overcome such tendencies. Behavior, cognitive, and cognitive-behavioral therapies, for example, are often used to develop newer, more productive thought and behavior patterns. What Did the Neo-Freudians Believe?

Soc the Rise of Nurse Practitioners - 667 Words

Select ONE (1) of the following issues which relates to the social organisation of health care: The rise of nurse practitioners Using a sociological perspective, write a paper which explains what health sociology can contribute to an understanding of your selected issue. The paper must use the following headings: Issue Description Provide a minimum 200-word detailed description of the health issue you have chosen. Theoretical Perspective Provide a minimum 500-word sociological analysis of the issue you have chosen. Use your textbook as well as other sociological sources (e.g., textbooks, journal articles) in this section. You will need to select one sociological theory which is relevant to your chosen issue, state the main†¦show more content†¦(ANMC, 2006) The role of the nurse practitioner includes assessment and management of clients using nursing skills and includes performing roles such as ordering diagnostic tests, direct referralsof patients to other health care providers and providing medications. NPs first originated in the united states to try and help improve primary healthcare in underserviced communities across the country. Today NPs exist worldwide in primary and acute healthcare settings in both rural and urban locations. Nurse practitioners have been in Australia since early 1 990s which has been seen as a very significant professional step for nurses. The first initial focus on NPs was on rural and remote areas of practise. It soon became clear that the NP role was also appropriate for metropolitan areas. Whilst the role of a NP may seem beneficial to the health system, is it really covering up the work we are taking away from our doctors and are we putting too much emphasis and reliance in our nurse practitioners? THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE A theory is merely an explanation of how and why. Nurse Practitioners are impacted on by a feminism theory. Feminism is a broad social and intellectual movement base on a belief in equality of the sexes. It addresses many issues the most relevant to this topic is the sexual division of labour in health care. The theory details how theShow MoreRelatedResilience: Health and Literature Review Page10409 Words   |  42 Pagescancer, or schizophrenia† (Antonovsky, 1984, p. 115). The researcher or practitioner focuses exclusively on that disease and only that disease (Antonovsky Bernstein, 1986). Only phenomena that are thought to contribute directly to that disease are considered. Other phenomena, which may be common to various diseases, either as causes or solutions, tend to be ignored due to the high level of specialisation of the practitioner (Antonovsky, 1984). Disease Causation. â€Å"The pathogenic paradigm has constrainedRead MoreThe Role Of Sports And Exercise Scientist26 76 Words   |  11 Pagesimportant, far less make time to practice it due the lack of applicability. More specifically, Glasgow (2003) suggested that there is a gap between research and practice, and can be a consequence of issues such as limited time and resources of practitioners and/or the lack of incentives for the use of evidence-based practice. 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In U.S. as well as European data, this association often follows a stepwise gradient pattern, with health improving incrementally as social position rises. This stepwise gradient pattern was first noted in the United Kingdom.28,50 Although research Public Health Reports  /  2014 Supplement 2 / Volume 129 SDH: Considering the Causes of the Causesâ€Æ' î  ¥Ã¢â‚¬Æ'21 on the socioeconomic gradient has beenRead MoreMaggot Therapy5739 Words   |  23 Pagesincluding wound care, nonhealing wounds still remain a significant problem. 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However, whileRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pageswith other departments, notably the department of English and Women s Studies, thus broadening and enriching my research as well as my general understanding early modern culture and history. (―Sample Statement of Purpose,â€â€" http://ls.berkeley.edu/soc/diversity/apply/personalstatement1.html ) Psychology (Clinical--research) Having enjoyed psychology-related activities in both the academic and community settings, it is with enthusiasm that I pursue a career in clinical psychology. An importantRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pagesset percentage of the savings or the increased net, and should publicize success stories internally. Companies that required employees to present business cases for their ideas and offered substantial rewards saw the number of workable innovations rise signiï ¬ cantly. (We’ve found increases in the 20% to 40% I N T E L L E C T UA L P R O P E R T Y Nurturing Respect for IP in China by Georg von Krogh and Stefan Haeï ¬â€šiger range, depending on a variety of factors and baseline conditions.) FirmsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesinitiated the rapid growth in international trade. Today, companies such as Gillette, Wal-Mart, Coca-Cola, and AFLAC are among a growing number of U.S.-based firms that derive significant portions of their annual revenues from foreign operations.6 The rise of multinational and transnational corporations7 places new requirements on human resource managers. For example, human resource departments must ensure that employees with the appropriate mix of knowledge, skills, and cultural adaptability are available

The Beginning of a New Nation Southern Reconstruction...

Following the Civil War, life in the south was dramatically changed. America faced an arduous task of rebuilding the devastated economy and social infrastructure in former Confederate states. This new movement was known as the Reconstruction era, and it was responsible for the emergence of a multifaceted industrialization of manufactured goods and transportation networks. In the book, Steel Drivin’ Man, Scott Reynolds Nelson conveys the intensity of political debate during the Reconstruction era. The conflict revolved around the role of the federal government in domestic affairs as well as the status of recently freed African-American slaves. This period marked the emergence of John Henry, a former African-American slave that became a†¦show more content†¦Both the Radicals and the Moderates believed in punishing the South for secession and rebuilding it in the North’s image. However, the biggest concern of reconstruction was enfranchising the freed blacks into the country’s social structure. Furthermore, after Lincoln’s death, Andrew Johnson became the new President of the United States in time to spearhead the efforts of southern reconstruction. However, his excessive leniency towards the south allowed for the creation of discriminatory Black Codes, therefore, restricting the freedoms of former slaves. This legislation victimized blacks almost as severely as they were during slavery. This was due to the South having little or no fear for the authoritative figure that Johnson represented as a result of his leniency. Consequently, Nelson connected this aspect of history to John Henry’s ultimate demise. Under Virginia’s Black Codes, John Henry was convicted of petty theft and sentenced to 10 years in prison. In prison, he was leased to work on the construction of the Chesapeake Ohio railway through the mountains of western Virginia. Working side by side with the steam-powered drills, Henry died from silicosis as a result of inhaling the rock dust gene rated by the steam drills. Aside from political turmoil, life in the south had changed as a result of the southern reconstruction. The most significant change was found in the social order. The existence of slavery helped establish aShow MoreRelatedThe Reconciliation of the North and South after the Civil War1186 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States on August 20th, 1865, the Civil War was formally ended. Though the Confederates had been dominated, there was still a battle to preserve the Southern lifestyle against the impeding Northern republican ideals. President Lincoln had plans to peacefully restore the country to the Union it was prior to the war, but his assassination created set-backs to his plan. 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After the Civil War, there was a power struggle between the Republican and Democratic parties as they had extremely distinct ideas on whether African Americans should be free and hold citizen rights. African Americans were able to achieve citizenship as well as have equality through the 14thRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War1704 Words   |  7 Pages During the 1860s there were many issues and that the Southe rn and Northern states needed to work on. In 1861 hundreds of thousands of Americans volunteered to fight in the Civil War, also known as the First Modern War. The main causes of this war were the economic and social differences between the North and the South. These differences led to other fundamental issues such as slavery and its abolition. In addition to that as the war was coming to its end, federal authorities found themselves presidingRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Reconstruction1486 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the period of reconstruction in the U.S., from 1865-1877, there were plans put in place by Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and Congress in hopes of a brighter future. Reconstruction took place after the Civil War occurred in the U.S. from 1861-1865. Abraham Lincoln was the President during the Civil War, and he had plans prepared at the end of his presidency because he sensed that the nation would have to be rebuilt through a reconstruction period. Once he was assassinated in 1865, his successorRead MoreRadical Reconstruction Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesRadical Reconstruction Following the Civil War came a period of regrowth and rebuilding known as Reconstruction. Reconstruction can be broken into different sections and types, one of which is Congressional, or Radical, Reconstruction. There are many scholarly debates about Congressional Reconstruction and its failures, successes, and its overall logistics. Another common debate concerning the Reconstruction period is its purpose and what the intentions of its instigators were. This paper

Never Scared The Cultural Significance of Chris Rock Free Essays

string(60) " experience less stress and live a healthier life\(Waite\)\." Standup comedians exemplify the trans-generational nature of our culture. With their ability to fully embody all of societies diverging values, while still always grazing the edge of change, they serve as the conscience of the people.   As Lawrence Mintz argues, comics are licensed to say the unspeakable because they have the pity of the audience; they use the power of laughter to unite communities and tread societies shade of gray, and the most successful of them exercise a full awareness in the art of rhetoric. We will write a custom essay sample on Never Scared: The Cultural Significance of Chris Rock or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Mintz points out that comedians use these weak pity warranting social positions to actually empower themselves.i One of the top standup comedians known for this today is Chris Rock; he uses rhetoric to persuade his audience into finding humor in some of the darkest aspects of our society.   Chris Rock uses rhetoric in his standup Never Scared to persuade his audience to adopt his views, while at the same time reversing the pity warranting image that Mintz’s claims gives a comic his license to speak freely.   Both of these personal intentions of Rock’s in his stand up are dependent solely on how well he connects to the core values of his audience. Rock is credited for being best able at connecting the disintegration of family and relationship values of Blacks. In Never Scared, Chris Rock discusses the deteriorating values of Black America and how these values are affecting black culture in America. He utilizes theories in social family structure with the African American family today and establishes himself as a role model for the black culture. He also sarcastically undermines the institution of marriage and the battle of the sexes in an intelligent and witty manner. Not only is he socially aware of all of these things that I have mentioned, he is also aware of the embarrassing acts from his race whom he spitefully labels â€Å"niggas.† Allow me to expand on the issues Chris Rock brings up in his comedy routines. The days of funny schtick and prat falls are basically over. Through the years, much more substance has come to the attention of America when it comes to stand-up comedy. Lawrence Mintz states the following concerning this phenomena on page 72; â€Å" Clearly it is a popular art that is central to American entertainment, but in the universal tradition of public joking rituals it is more than that as well; it is an important part of the nation’s cultural life.†i Chris Rock is an excellent example of this statement. In Never Scared, Rock opens his routine with confidence and mentions his daughter, alluding to the reason why he hasn’t been on the road in so long. â€Å"It’s amazing when you have a girl†¦ It’s eye opening, because I realize, I’m the man in her life.   My relationship with my daughter is going to affect her relationship with men for the rest of her life.   Every man in here has dated a woman with some daddy issues.   That s@%$# ain’t fun ok.   She’s giving you a hard time for some s@%$# her daddy did in 1969.† (Chris Rock, 2006) Ever the sarcastic encourager, Rock sets up an example that needs to be revisited in the black community. He’s sensible and funny here but he is also alluding to something important. The black man in today’s culture needs to understand the importance of bringing up baby girls. He states that sometimes he picks her up out of her stroller, looks at her and that’s when it hits him;   Ã¢â‚¬Å"My job in this life now is to keep my baby off the pole!† Of course he is referring to the ever-ominous pole found in every strip club in the world. This is profound wisdom for the deadbeat dads out there who aren’t with their daughters. Some fathers are right in the room but to busy watching the game to pay any attention to the direction she might be headed if he doesn’t start to get to know his little girl who is growing up. It’s interesting to note that an article by Kathryn Edin and Laura Lein almost discuss the same issue.ii With the rise of single mothers in urban areas and their struggle to make ends meet, we have to wonder what the sociological and psychological implications for the child are growing up in an environment without a father. Many of these children will grow up to be drug dealers, strippers and prostitutes in their struggle to get away from the economic prison they were unwillingly placed in at birth. Speaking of birth, let’s examine Rock’s use of abortion and marriage. Nilsen discusses the important element of sexism in comedy routines in his article; â€Å"Sexist humor, which makes fun of the real or imagined characteristics of males and females, is seen in the oldest myths, fairy tales, folk tales, nursery rhymes, and sacred writings. Because jokes are a kind of shorthand, creators do not start with a whole new cast of characters for each joke; instead they rely on familiar scripts that include exaggerations and stereotypes. This enables listeners to fill in the details from the material that their minds have already absorbed from the popular culture.†iv Throughout Rock’s comedy routines, he brings to light the battle of the sexes concerning abortion and marriage. He discusses the two options that a man has when he finds out his girlfriend is pregnant; â€Å"Wow! I’m so happy! I love you so much.† Or the ill-fated; â€Å"So, whatcha gonna do?† Once again he silently stabs at the lack of responsibility concerning the man in this issue. He goes on to discuss the fact that the decision for abortion is made between the woman and her girlfriends. It is a sad but true commentary on the disintegration of society in general but Chris seems to be directing it toward black culture specifically. There are strong arguments for the fact that married couples experience less stress and live a healthier life(Waite). You read "Never Scared: The Cultural Significance of Chris Rock" in category "Essay examples"iii Rock equates marriage to simple transference; â€Å"When you’re single, you wanna kill yourself. When you’re married, you wanna kill your spouse!† He discusses the problem of unhappily married men and their addiction to strip clubs. He adds that reasons for this are that women are domineering. In a funny little clip, Chris talks about the ho convention and glass heels. Then he brings up the fact that a wife is there to provide for you and be there for you but if you bring a pair of glass heels in the house, it will cause all sorts of problems. As you can see, he strengthens his views of the black man being the wife’s pet or the one that’s supposed to do everything for her by using these jokes. He also portrays the man in the abortion bit as not having a say in anything that happens with the child. He portrays the woman’s friends at a higher level than her own boyfriend and the father of her child. He jokes about strip clubs and infidelity but he still holds to the role model persona. He stands by his conviction of not cheating on your spouse and once again cements his position in black culture. Voicing his family values opens the audience up for his personal opinions about society.   Rock’s humorous perspective on life and his personal opinions about society mark the defining line between him as an individual and the family values he has affirmed to gain the audience’s trust. In his essay, Standup Comedy as Social and Cultural Mediation, Mintz explains the justification behind the stand up comedian’s license to speak freely. Considering the fact that Chris Rock is an African American, he has free reign to speak out on the problems with African- Americans.   As he displays his disgust with black stars like the child molesting, wanna-be- white Michael Jackson, he flows freely into the R-Kelly incident with the young girl on video. We all know that he is using these incidents as well as the Kobe Bryant rape case and the OJ Simpson case because they are excellent material for comedy. But, it’s also obvious that he uses these men as examples for negative black role models in America as well. It makes one wonder if he is warning his black audience of the path of self-destruction they may be on together. After all, great men like Sydney Poitier or James Earl Jones didn’t do things like this to embarrass the black community. Personally, I believe that his most compelling routine is the â€Å"I hate Niggas† routine. The courage that it takes for a black man to stand up and say â€Å"Everything white people don’t like about black people, black people hate even more. I love black people but I hate niggas.† He jokes about the fact that every time black people try to get together and have some fun like going to a movie, some â€Å"nigga† pulls out a gun and shoots at the screen. It is most powerful when he utilizes this rhetoric in the presence of a more affluent black community. By performing in D.C., Rock intentionally markets himself towards the wealthiest blacks in the United States, giving him all the more power once he is able to form a community within the room.   But, this community Rock creates must be structured on some form of values with which he knows everyone can basically agree, and that will create an atmosphere of familial comfort.   Rock does this perfectly in his stand up, and the structure can be noted from start to finish. We can also observe the moral erosion of rap music. It used to be a positive influence in the black community. Chris Rock has played an important role in promoting rap music. Although, in Never Scared, He mentions the fact that it keeps getting harder to defend this popular urban genre. He states that it used to be easy to defend groups like Grand Master Flash because they represented the black urban culture as a whole. Then he goes on to state that he hates to defend it now because of lines such as the famous line from Li’l Jon; â€Å"To the windows, to the walls, ‘til the sweat drips from my balls.† These lyrics can’t be defended. They do not spell anything positive for black society and the song certainly shows no respect for black women whatsoever. Granted, there were some pretty vulgar lyrics in the early days of rap also but not to the extent of today. If we observe the work of Chris Rock, a strong argument can be made that he has created some of the most powerful rhetoric concerning the degradation of his own race in America. He stands by his values and doesn’t squirm under the microscope like some stars. He has used his influence to create a teachable understanding of the social inequalities that occur in America. But, more than this he has made it simple for the average black family, or any family, to understand the major social issues surrounding black culture today. I think the most important thing that Chris Rock has done for the black culture and every culture in America is created a vital understanding for accountability within our own cultural social dynamic. I have heard many people say that Chris Rock is a comedian, but he is an activist as well. Others say that his comedy is racially motivated against the white population of America. Still, some just won’t watch him or listen to him because of his language usage. There are a number of labels we can put on this man and he allows us to do so liberally. Chris Rock may have missed his true calling as a social scientist. Maybe one-day comedians like Rock will receive honorary PhDs for their body of work in stand up comedy but for now, he’s just a great comedian. iv Nilsen A.P and Nilsen D.L.B (2000) Encyclopedia of the 20th century American Humor.Gender Humor. Phoenix, AZ: Oryz Press, pp.170-174. i Standup Comedy as Social and Cultural Mediation. Lawrence E. Mintz. American Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 1, Special Issue: American Humor. (Spring, 1985), pp. 71-80. ii Work, Welfare, and the Single Mothers’ Economic Survival Strategies. Kathryn Edin and Laura Lein. American Sociological Review. iii Does Marriage Matter?. Waite, Linda J. Demography. Vol. 32, No. 4, November 1995. iv Nilsen A.P and Nilsen D.L.B (2000) Encyclopedia of the 20th century American Humor.Gender Humor. Phoenix, AZ: Oryz Press, pp.170-174. Quotes from Chris Rock came from his stand up routine Never Scared. 2006. How to cite Never Scared: The Cultural Significance of Chris Rock, Essay examples

Lab Report Digestion Essay Example

Lab Report Digestion Paper These large molecules cannot cross last membranes intact to be absorbed from the lumen of the digestive tract into the blood or lymph; hence, it must undergo degradation in size (Sherwood, 2013). This degradation process is catcalled by hydrolysis enzymes, which split large molecules into smaller, observable units by combining with water. (Similarity, 2013) The hydrolysis of molecules becomes more effective by the release of specific enzymes that works at optimum pH in different regions of digestive tract. The three major GIG hormones are gastric from the stomach mucosa, secreting and collections (KC) from the duodenal mucosa. Gastric is released primarily in response to protein in the stomach, and its effects promote digestion of protein. Secreting is released in response to acid in the duodenum, and its effects will neutralize the acid. KC is released in response to fat in the duodenum, and its effects optimize conditions for fat digestion reactions. (Sherwood, 201 3) Digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth (salivary digestion), where the salivary glands (sublunary, subliminal or parroted) will secrete an amylase called fatality that begins the hydrolysis of complex polysaccharides: Plant extraterrestrial glycogen I Amylase Disaccharide(maltose, sucrose, lactose) I Fatality has an optimum pH of around 6. 8, which is roughly the pH found in the mouth. Protein digestion begins in the stomach (gastric digestion) where the enzyme pepsin splits proteins to shorter polypeptide chains containing amino acids. Secretion and activation of pepsin occurs as follows: Possession(chief cells) WHQL (parietal cells) I Pepsin I Besides activating possession, HCI provides the stomach a pH of 2, so the pepsin activity works at optimum level. For digestion of fat, pancreatic lipase reaction must be aided with the presence of bile salts as an emulsifier. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Digestion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Digestion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Digestion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lipase is a water-soluble enzyme, and it is not effective alone to act on the large lipid droplets which are water insoluble. Bile salts emulsify by breaking the fat into smaller droplets so that lipase has a larger surface area for the hydrolysis of fats. The pancreas also aids digestion by secreting sodium bicarbonate. This compound provides a pH of around 7. 8 in the small intestine, which is optimal for the action of the pancreatic enzymes (Similarity, 2013). 2. 0. OBJECTIVES * To examine the action of some of the key digestive enzymes and the factors that can alter their activities. 3. 0. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3. 1. Materials Test tubes (15 20 ml), test tube clamps, measuring cylinders (10 ml), watch glass, pH paper, water baths with test tube racks, hard-boiled egg whites, 1% acetic acid, 1% pancreatic solution in 0. 2% NAACP, 0. 5% starch paste, Logos solution, Benedicts solution, 5% pepsin solution, 0. 5% HCI, concentrated HCI, 0. 5% Noah, ice, powdered litmus, litmus paper. 3. 2. Methods 3. 2. 1 . Activity 1 1 . About 10 ml of human saliva (fresh) is collected in a graduated cylinder. 2. A small amount of saliva is placed in a watch glass and a few drops of 1% acetic acid are added. A precipitate indicated that the present of music (a globetrotting) is indicated by precipitate occurrences. 3. Four test tubes are prepared and labeled as follows: Tube 1 | Tube 2 | Tube? I Tube 4 | 3 ml starch+3 ml waterlines water bath | 3 ml starch+3 ml saliva inch water bath 3 ml starch (cooled)+3 ml saliva (cooled)inline bath | 3 ml starch+3 ml saliva+5 drops con Histrionic water bath I 4. Half of each tubes contents are poured into a new test tube each respectively after the tubes are incubated for 1 hour. One set of tubes is tested for: 5. 1. Starch (Logos solution) 5. 1 . 1. Ropes of Logos solution is added to each tube. Presence of starch is indicated by dark purple color occurrences. The amount of starch is indicated by the shades of reddish brown. 5. 1. 2. The amount of starch is rated based on the intensity (++4), (+4), or G). 5. 2. Maltose (Benedicts solution) 5. 1. 3. 4 ml of Benedicts solution is added to each tube. The tubes are then placed in a boiling water bath fo r 2 minutes. 5. 1. 5. The tubes are removed using a clamp and the concentration of maltose is compared using the following scale: red (+++), orange-yellow (++), green (+), blue (-). 3. 2. 2. Activity 1 . Thin slices of cooked egg white with same size (about 0. 5 cam) are placed in four test tubes. 2. Following solutions are added to the tubes and the pH of each tube is determined: Tube 1 | Tube 2 | Tube 3 | Tube 4 | 5 ml pepsin(5 % solution)+5 ml HCI(O. 5 %) | 5 ml pepsin(5 % solution)+5 ml water | 5 ml HCI(O. 5 ml water | 5 ml pepsin(5 % solution)+5 ml Noah(O. 5 96) | 3. The tubes are allowed to incubate in a teacher bath for 1 hour. The final pH of the solutions is tested and the amount of protein digestion is estimated using a scale of (+++), (++), (+), and (-) by comparing the four tubes. . 0. RESULTS 4. 1. Activity 1 pH of saliva: 6. Presence of Music: present Table 1: Reaction of saliva in 4 different conditions of tubes Tube I Starch I Maltose I Explanation I 1. Water I 2. Saliva I +++ _ 3. Cooled saliva I ++ I 4. Saliva,HCI 1+1 I 4. 2. Activity 2 Table 2: Reaction of pepsin in 4 different conditions of tubes Tube Initial pH Final pH I Estimated digestion Explanation 1 1. P epsin,HCI 1 31 31 +++ I phi caused from the HCI presence and is optimum for pepsin activity so the amount of protein digestion is highest among others. 1 2. Pepsin,water 1 51 61 ++ I The H is 5 which higher than optimum pH of pepsin and pepsin is not in acidic environment. Thus, the amount of protein digestion is lower than tube 1. | 3. HCI,water 1 31 31 +1 The pH is already optimum for pepsin but there is absence of pepsin. Thus, the amount of protein digestion is the lowest. 4. Pepsin,Noah | 14 | 14 I Pepsin work best in acidic environment, not alkaline. Thus, there is no protein digestion occurred. | 5. 0. POST-LAB QUESTION 5. 1. Salivary Digestion of Carbohydrates 1. Function of music in the mouth: Acts as lubricant for easier swallowing and protects the mouth lining from abrasion. 2. Indicate the relative amounts of starch and maltose after incubation. . What in vivo (in the body) situation is simulated by the conditions in tube 4? The hydrolysis of carbohydrates by the act of fatality is inhibited. 4. Does fatality hydrolysis of carbohydrate continue in the stomach? No, the enzyme become inactive soon the food environment is below 4. 0, which the stomach is, by the action of HCI secreted. 5. Where else is amylase secreted in the digestive system ? Pancreas, and is called pancreatic amylase. 5. 2. Gastric Digestion of Protein 1 . What in vivo (in the body) situation is simulated by the conditions in tube 4? Pepsin cannot digest protein in alkaline pH environment. 2. Which other enzyme have major proteolysis activities in the digestive tract? Trapshooting, comprehension and prestidigitations 3. A person with chlorinated has defective secretion by the parietal cells. What is the physiological effect of chlorinated in the body? If the HCI is absent in the stomach, protein digestion will be severely impaired, the effect can be associated with pernicious anemia, stomach cancer and pellagra. 4. What is the function of the mucous cells in the gastric pits? i. Protects the gastric mucosa against mechanical injury through its lubricating properties. Protects the stomach wall from self-digestion due to pepsin iii. Protects gastric lining against acid injury by neutralizing HCI secretions through its alkaline properties without interrupt the function of HCI in lumen. 6. 0. DISCUSSION All food ingested will go along through alimentary canal until it is secreted. Carbohydrates group will undergo digestion first along the way since the enzyme amylase that is responsible to digest the nutrient present in the saliva in the mouth. Besides having amylase to initiates chemical digestion, saliva also retests oral cavity, such as music. Music is a slippery globetrotting that protects the mouth from friction or erosion whilst undergo mastication (Campbell, et al. , 2008). Salivary amylase helps the carbohydrates digestion by hydrolysis complex polysaccharides to disaccharide and a-limit Dexedrine, that later will be broken down even further by other enzymes into incarcerations, a unit of nutrient that is observable (Sherwood, 2013). Tube 1 shows slowest reaction because there is no enzyme that can act upon starch or maltose present inside. The reaction will be different if there is implement enzyme present because enzyme functions as catalysts, agents that selectively speed up chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction (Campbell, et al. , 2008). Hence, tube 1 will react as a control for the results in other tube in Table 1. In tube 2 that containing saliva, there is consistent reaction occur in starch but no in maltose. It is because saliva contain salivary amylase; enzyme that hydrolysis complex polysaccharides such as starch, consisting polysaccharides amylase (unbranded chain of glucose) and implementation (branched chain of glucose) into smaller polysaccharides (Sherwood, 2013). Since amylase is selectively reacting to polysaccharides, so it does not affect the reaction of maltose, which is a disaccharide. For tube 3 that containing saliva that is cooled, the reaction of starch is slower than tube 2, while the reaction of maltose is same as other previous tube that test on maltose which is no reaction. Enzyme works best at its optimum temperature that is 37 co which is the normal body temperature (Campbell Ferret, 2012). Any drops in the temperature will slower the enzymatic reaction like the cooled saliva containing amylase in tube 3. For tube 4, the pH environment is not suitable for amylase to take action. Fatality or amylase has an optimum pH of around 6. 8 (Similarity, 2013), so the acidic environment would inhibit the enzyme, resulted in very slow reaction of starch, and the no reaction in maltose like other tube. Protein group begins it digestive process in the stomach mantra, which containing enzyme pepsin that responsible in hydroplaning protein to peptide fragment, that soon undergo further breakdown by the act of other enzyme until it become nutrient unit that is observable which is amino acid (Sherwood, 2013). For activity 2, the rating of the results will be based on the intensity of the rupture of albumin textures. Based on Table 2, tube 1 has the most reaction of protein digestion compared to tube 2, 3 and 4. It is because enzyme pepsin works best at pH of 2 (Campbell Ferret, 2012), and tube 1 has the nearest pH preferable that is 3, being provided by the present of HCI. It can be observed that the part of the albumin is fragmented. Tube 2 has the second protein digestion because the pH environment is not too acidic for pepsin to act. Hence, there is less fragment resulted at the albumin in tube 2. Since there is no present of pepsin, the digestive process for tube 3 comes in third because there is no enzymatic reaction occurs although the pH reading for tube 3 is near to the optimum pH of pepsin activity.